Statistics show that the life cycle of the building's consumption of resources accounted for about 50% of the world's total consumption of resources, resulting in pollution and carbon dioxide emissions also account for about 50% of the world's total. Therefore, we must focus on building life cycle of energy-saving emission reduction, as well as energy efficiency. If only the goal of building energy efficiency in the construction of the building, despite the great energy efficiency, but there are 50% of the potential did not play out. For China's southern region, the focus of building energy-saving emission reduction to be placed in ten areas.
(A) try to use low-quality renewable energy such as water source heat pump, solar water heater applications. The use of low-quality energy for building integrity or basic tempering; high-quality energy to localize, fine thermostat, will become the general design of green building. Such as light and heat in the southern region of the use of cost much lower than the photoelectric. If in a building, the use of low-quality energy, that is, those directly available to the energy, such as sunlight, ventilation or shallow geothermal, water heat and other temperature regulation is responsible for the construction of the overall, basic temperature regulation The And with high-quality energy, such as electricity, natural gas, to complete the local, fine adjustment with energy. In this way, the overall energy efficiency of the building can be greatly improved. So, the essence of green building is to use the building itself as much as possible to get free use of the surrounding energy - solar energy, wind energy, so that the building itself has a climate of adaptability. Like the birds to the summer to replace the same feathers. If the building itself has a climate adaptability, climate sensitivity, is a smart building, will become the most energy-efficient buildings.
(B) as far as possible the application of simple, inexpensive technology such as natural ventilation, external shade, natural lighting, light pipe lighting, etc., are able to achieve very clever use of the building itself and climatic conditions to achieve energy conservation purposes. China's ancient architecture has this feature, such as Huizhou architecture, Lingnan architecture, the building of the patio is very small, surrounded by loft enclosures, the formation of natural ventilation corridor. For example, Macao's Zheng courtyard has several small patio, each small courtyard has three or four floors, the effect of natural wind is very obvious. The building itself has become a chimney effect of the vent, the heat away at the same time, the cool gas from the bottom of the building shadows come in, this is a very clever energy-saving practice. China has a very long history of farming civilization, the traditional building is characterized by the local climate with a high degree of adaptability, fully embodies the building using natural ventilation, shade, natural lighting and so on. It can be seen that the inheritance of the wisdom of the ancients to promote the development of modern building energy efficiency, make full use of local natural resources, local traditional knowledge and materials, is to provide people with low quality green building a good way. These simple traditional techniques and methods can be analyzed by modern techniques. For example, the different shading technology on the contribution of energy saving is not the same, ordinary transparent glass, visible light and energy transmission absorption rate is almost 100%, if fitted with shade, there are about 75% of the heat into the room, but if Installed outside the shade, the sun's thermal effect is reduced by more than 80%. Therefore, this is a very simple and very low cost of a technology, but it is the most effective way to block the sun's thermal effect.
However, in recent years, construction practice has also made a lot of mistakes, especially in some places, very eager to invite some developed countries, architects to China to participate in architectural design. This is a good thing, should open the door to invite foreign designers to participate in China's construction, but can not copy the foreign copy of the so-called "advanced model." In fact, some developed country architects like to use their own country to apply the methods and means, while ignoring the local climate in China, natural conditions. Such as a very well-known cadre college, is designed to hire a warm area of foreign architects, the main building of the school like a large glass pillars, winter insulation, indoor staff shivering, summer indoor teachers in the sun's heat Have sweat, the annual electricity costs as high as 16 million yuan, 2-3 times higher than the average building. Because of the simple construction of the college building in Europe, the design of the design in the cold summer and cold in the Nordic may be energy-efficient buildings, but in the cold winter Shanghai has become a high energy-consuming buildings, the need for mandatory transformation.
(C) the internal separation of buildings can be split within the air-conditioned buildings within the practical function of separation and targeted use of energy. Most of our buildings are separated by small internal space and the interior space is divided into small space office building. All internal space-separated buildings can be split air-conditioning. Split air conditioning from its own energy conversion efficiency may not be as centralized air-conditioning, but the split air-conditioning has two major advantages: First, to avoid the big horse car. When a building is only 5% of the space when someone is used, if it is centralized air-conditioning, must be fully horsepower enough; and split air-conditioning can be flexible control to open the specific room air conditioning and energy; more importantly, the South China, including subtropical Of the people of the country have a very diligent habit of sleep at night when only open the bedroom air conditioning, and other rooms do not need to open the air conditioning. The energy saving of this behavior is very great. China's building energy efficiency has a very strange phenomenon, the northern region due to the building insulation is not enough and no large area of the implementation of heating metering, building energy consumption than the Nordic to 3-5 times higher, but the southern region due to the use of a large number of points Style air conditioning, the energy consumption of only developed countries and regions less than 1/3, the fundamental reason is that split air conditioning to help a lot. But modern architects are generally less willing to use split air conditioning, mainly because the building facade design is too difficult. Therefore, the architect should seriously study how to optimize the design of the building surface to reduce the impact of air conditioning, such as the air conditioning box arranged into the building facade is very distinctive decorative lines of the components.
(D) as soon as possible the full implementation of the residential parts and full decoration China's construction of the entire process of construction waste accounted for more than 30% of urban waste, residential renovation also caused a great waste, so the conditional city first Step must be implemented full decoration. It is estimated that once the implementation of the full renovation, the country can reduce the annual consumption of 30 billion yuan of resources, carbon dioxide emissions can also be significantly reduced. China's rough housing supply ratio is rare in the world, compared with the traditional mode of production enterprises, to take the accessories business can save 20% of energy consumption, saving water consumption 63%, saving wood 87%, per square The amount of waste generated by rice is reduced by 90%. The implementation of residential accessories and full decoration, not only can make the construction process of energy consumption, water consumption, noise greatly reduced, more importantly, is conducive to the city's air clean, the amount of suspended particulate matter in the air can be greatly reduced. In many cities, the air in the dust is the first traffic caused by the second is the contribution of the construction site.
(5) to promote the building three-dimensional green This is actually a very efficient, very cheap, one-handedly energy-saving projects. In the roof, facade, public structure of the surface of the green, the summer can save 30% of the air conditioning with energy, but also can significantly reduce the city's heat island effect, reduce dust emissions, beautify the environment. Monitoring results show that the city's heat island effect is the most serious, the urban center and the edge of the temperature can be a difference of 6 to 8 degrees, and the more hot summer, due to the large number of buildings using air conditioning heat, the city center area heat island effect even more obvious. This time through the building surface and the roof of the green building, through the evaporation of water vapor can greatly reduce the heat island effect, combined with green transport, the city's main energy can continue to decline, the city's living environment can also be significantly improved.
(6) Enforcing energy efficiency standards for new buildings If the proportion of the building facade and the window area is specified, the window can not be too large, and the glass curtain wall (except for the glass curtain wall with photovoltaic effect) should be avoided as much as possible. The implementation of mandatory energy efficiency standards can significantly reduce the energy consumption of ordinary buildings. But there are some buildings, such as high-end residential, office buildings, office buildings, factories, etc., can not be simply bound by a few indicators. These buildings take the green building road, through the green building design to significantly reduce building energy consumption, mandatory energy efficiency standards and green building guide energy efficiency norms of these two roads should be implemented. Over the past five years, China has made rapid progress in the implementation of mandatory energy efficiency standards for buildings. 99% of the buildings have adopted mandatory standards and green building standards during the design phase. In the construction phase, more than 90% of buildings have met mandatory standards and Green building standards. To promote the whole society are concerned about the energy conservation of the building, the mandatory standards for strict inspection, evaluation, exposure and punishment. For those who do not implement the normative and mandatory energy efficiency standards of the unit to give a fine, public exposure, restrictions on access to the market, not approved the sale of houses, qualification downgrade until the revocation of qualifications and other penalties.
(7) to improve the incentive policy Any building if you pay attention to the improvement of energy efficiency and aesthetic comfort of the environment, there must be cost or cost increase. And this cost must be compensated and promoted by external incentives. This incentive is needed by the government, not the market. Because the building's energy efficiency and comfort with information asymmetry, it is impossible to start from the market price directly reflected, must be driven by government incentives to promote. Green building and energy-saving building to promote, especially the promotion of high-grade green building, many places have introduced the relevant tax, floor area rate and other aspects of the incentive policy. This can promote the popularity of green buildings, but also can make the building energy efficiency greatly improved, spend a little money is very worthwhile. Over the past three years, China's green building logo certification increased significantly. In addition, the construction of renewable energy applications, each project financial subsidies 200 to 10 million, the central government on the application of solar photovoltaic power in the building, the installed capacity of each tile installed 17 to 20 yuan.
(8) Reconstruction of existing buildings and large public buildings There are two indicators of building energy consumption in China: the first is the energy consumption in the northern region due to central heating, accounting for only 10% of the total construction of the northern town The building consumes 40% of the total social building energy consumption; the second is the energy consumption of large public buildings. The results of the annual energy consumption survey of nine commercial buildings in Shanghai show that the nine annual consumption of commercial buildings is 1.8GJ / (m2a), exceeding the energy efficiency standard of the corresponding commercial buildings in Japan (1.25GJ / M2a) nearly 43.3%. Large-scale public buildings using centralized air-conditioning, often the situation of large horse car, the energy consumption per unit area than civil construction to five to ten times, or even up to 20 times. This means that China's large-scale public building energy-saving potential is very large. For large public buildings, first of all to have a transformation plan, at the same time, all public buildings should be real-time dynamic monitoring. Shenzhen Institute of Building Science has more than 300 buildings into the scope of online monitoring, for these buildings per unit area of energy consumption in real-time monitoring, building energy monitoring situation in the form of a white paper once a year.
The monitoring data should be published in the community, and the best energy efficiency and the worst of the building rankings. Under this premise, the most energy-efficient buildings for mandatory energy-saving transformation, in the transformation process can also be implemented contract energy management model, the contract energy management company's energy-saving investment through the transformation of energy-saving energy costs to compensate. Building energy-saving transformation can be pilot demonstration, high energy consumption of buildings, especially government buildings, through expert consultation, to determine the need to transform the aspects, and then economically effective and effective energy-saving measures to transform. In the energy-saving transformation, we should give priority to the use of low cost, good energy-saving effect of applicable technologies and measures, such as natural ventilation, shade, three-dimensional green and so on. In this way, only a small amount of input can play a very good energy saving effect.
(9) from the green building to the green campus, green community energy-saving emission reduction can not only focus on single-building, but to upgrade to a higher level, the campus, community into a green campus, green community. Students are the master of the future, social education is one of the most powerful, the lowest cost, the most efficient way to build a green campus is to cultivate the future of the owners consciously energy conservation awareness, it must be from the social education in this regard. This year has identified four universities to create a conservation-oriented university, the future of the owners in the green environment to accept education and edification.
(10) From a single capacity building to a collection - the distribution of green energy park building only in a single building to promote energy conservation and renewable energy use is not enough, should be a district and even the city's building all converted into capacity building, and The capacity of the building consists of a system. In this system, the proportion of distributed green energy gradually expanded. In these areas, the roof is equipped with wind energy, solar energy, garbage collection and biogas power generation, renewable energy elevator applications, and then through the system portfolio, the photovoltaic power generation, solar heat, solar light, biogas power, wind power, Down and so on all together. Renewable energy supply is volatile, and can be reduced and stabilized by access to electric vehicles and electric bicycle batteries, the so-called microgrids. Each building can use the building itself to produce renewable energy, so that energy transmission loss close to zero, and the construction of technology interconnection, these are very mature technology. If the realization of such a system, the whole district or even the whole city can be very energy efficient and efficient.
Although the current wind power, solar power efficiency is still low, but according to the most conservative experts estimate that by 2030 the cost of solar photovoltaic power generation and thermal power, nuclear power can be flat. The financial crisis has led to a significant decline in the cost of solar photovoltaic technology, before the crisis monocrystalline silicon 400 dollars a kilogram, now down to 60 dollars a kilogram, raw material costs reduced several times, which makes the entire clean energy utilization schedule much ahead. Such as the original is expected to be achieved in 2030, and now a full 10 years ahead of schedule, 2020 solar photovoltaic power generation costs can be controlled in this schedule, so leave the architects of the time is running out, Transformation, to keep up with the pace of the times, because the development of renewable energy technology will promote the professional and technical personnel to update their knowledge. It is necessary to extend the basic focus of the building to energy saving, comfort and environmental protection by focusing on the application of renewable energy technology and building functions and building firmness. The opportunity is always favored in the prepared mind!
In short, the construction, especially the subtropical buildings, must have the local climate adaptability, the adaptation of the local human history, the adaptability of local building materials. Do this three adaptability, the building is a wise building, green building, a low-emission building responsible for the next generation, and is able to absorb the wisdom of ancient human buildings. This has become the implementation of green building guidelines, that is, green building is the local climate adaptability of the building, rather than eating foreign construction.
